沙市中学报（93-2）
发表: 2011-01-12 17:10:33 浏览: 7164 次
湖北高考英语完成句子题指导
从2007年开始，湖北省高考英语试题新增了“完成句子”的题型。在2007年和2008年的高考试卷中该题型都放在了第二部分“英语语言知识运用”中的第二节中.在2009年，该题型改在第四部分“书面表达”中的第一节中,该题型题目和题干要求一直是：“共10小题，每小题1.5分。每小题在一句话中留出空白，要求考生根据括号内的汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子。”该题型考查的重点为英语语言知识的综合运用。根据近三年的考题来看，该题型的考查语法内容基本覆盖了高中阶段要求掌握的语法知识，同时也涉及汉英翻译技巧的运用，但词汇知识考查力度不大。因此，我们在复习时要按照全国高考考试大纲规定的语法项目进行复习，把语言的形式、意义和用法有机结合起来，在语境中了解和掌握语法的表意功能。下面我们就该题型的考试范围做一个简短的分析和指导。
一.主要考试范围
1. 时态：一般英语基本时态在初中、高中课本中都已出现。复习备考时重点应放在几个容易出错的时态上，如：一般现在时(最容易出错是第三人称单数作主语时，动词需加-s)、现在完成时、现在进行时、过去完成时和现在完成进行时。判断时态时一定要根据语句中相关的时间词语和上下文中的一些线索。
2. 非谓语动词：是仅次于时态的一个必考的语法项目。非谓语动词包括“-ing形式，动词不定式和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)”三种形式。“主动-ing;被动过去分词;将要做的事动词不定式”，是我经常要求学生记住的话。此句前面的主动、被动和将要做的事是指动词与之相应名词的关系，后面讲的是应该填的形式。但这只能说明大多数情况下，不能概括全部。
3. 被动语态：在谓语动词和非谓语动词考题中有很多题都涉及到被动语态。但许多学生在做题时比较容易忽略被动语态，因为汉语里的被动语态在汉语句子中常可不提。请大家做题时需要特别注意这样两种情况：一是物做主语，二是及物动词或短语后缺宾语。这时要多考虑被动语态。因为物一般不会自己发出动作，及物动词后缺宾语的情况就很可能是宾语被提到前面做主语了，这两种情况下用被动语态的可能性很大。当然，这也不是绝对的。
4. 从句：分为定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句(包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)。做从句题时一定要注意选对正确的连词和正确的时态。一般情况下从句都要有连词，部分情况下连词可省略。选时态时一定要参照主句的时态。
5. 情态动词：根据近三年的考点来看，复习重点可放在“情态动词 + have done“ 结构和虚拟语气上。“情态动词 + have done“结构表对过去事情的推测。如： must have done (表肯定推测) ;could/may/might have done (表“可能”);can’t/couldn’t have done(表“不可能”或“肯定不”)。虚拟语气有should/ought to have done (本应该做却没做); shouldn’t/ought not to have (本不应该做却做了); could/might have done (本可以做却没做); would have done (本要去做却没做);needn’t have done (本没必要做却做了)和suggest(ion)，order，command，require等动词或名词后跟宾语从句或同位语从句，表语从句，主语从句等，后接”主语+(should)+动词“的结构。
6. It的用法：it在英语中是一个非常活跃的词汇，它可以涉及到好几个英语语法项目。其中有：⑴.强调句型： it is /was…that/who…。⑵. It做形式主语：It is no use/good/worthwhile doing ，It takes sb…to do… ，It occurred to me that等。⑶. it做形式宾语： make it clear that…，make it possible for sb to do等。⑷. 固定搭配： It is (high) time that…did/should do…，It is/was the first time that…have/had done…，It won’t be long before….等。
7. 倒装句： 现将倒装句的几种情况归纳如下：⑴.表否定意义的词或短语置句首时。如：never, seldom, little, not，“介词+no+名词“短语等。⑵. So/such…that…句型中so/such置句首时，主句主谓要倒装。⑶. only+状语置句首时。⑷. So/nor/neither+助动词+主语 ,表“······也(不)”。⑸. As引导让步状语从句的倒装。⑹. If引导的条件状语从句if省略时的倒装。
8.几种常考结构：⑴. 表示倍数的用法：倍数(twice/three times)+ as + 形容词原级/+ 形容词比较级 + than/+ the + 名词 + of + 比较对象。⑵. 形容词比较级的两个固定结构：The + 比较级 + 句子，the + 比较级 + 句子，the + 比较级 + of the two。⑶. “of +(greet)+名词=形容词”的结构。⑷. with+宾语+宾补(doing/to do /done/介词/副词/形容词/名词等)的结构。⑸. can’t … too …。再…也不过分。⑹. 动词 + 人 + 介词(in /on /by) + the + 部位。
二.要注意的几个问题：
1、要确定语法考点。此题型的主要目的是考查考生对语法的掌握和运用程度。所以大家做题时，首先要考虑该题是考什么语法项目。一旦语法出错，此题就无分可言。待确定语法考点后再来思考词汇和语境。建议大家在复习备考时，多做一些考语法结构和词汇结合的题，而不应该做一些纯考词汇的题，以便加强高考题型的针对性训练。
2、要分析语法分布。每套题的设计肯定会尽量涉及到高中阶段要求掌握的各项语法知识。考生做题时，要牢记高中阶段要求掌握的各项语法知识，学会分析该套试题语法考点的分布。这样可帮助选对语法考点，提高正确率。
3、要确保动词正确。在语法中，动词是非常重要的组成部分，所以要特别注意动词的运用。填动词时首先要判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。如果是谓语动词就要认真考虑应该用什么时态，也包括语态;如果是非谓语动词，就要认真考虑用什么样的形式，动词不定式，-ing形式，还是过去分词，有时也要考虑非谓语动词的时态和语态。
4、要注重翻译技巧。英语句子在一定的语境中有它固定的结构，千万不要用汉语乱来套，要根据英语的特点和注意翻译技巧，如：在做疑问句,宾语从句和感叹句时要注意疑问语序和陈述语序问题;再需注意一些特殊的英语结构的翻译。这些结构前面讲了常用的一部分。在学习英语过程中还有许多，这些结构都需特别记牢。
5、要看清试题要求。题干上明确要求“用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子”。如果不用所给的词，尽管你的句子结构和意思都是正确的，但你的答案是不能得分的。因为你没有按要求做题。
三.下面根据以上指导来做进行一些训练：
(1)
1. Computer (发挥着一个重要的作用) in human activities today. (play)
2. The students in the community colleges usually spend two years there , (学习很多不同的科目). (study)
3.Without the bloody war in the country two years ago, these lovely children
(本来能够度过一个幸福的童年). (pass)
4.She is always doing everything for her son ,which is _______ (她错误所在)。(go )
5. (必须采取有效措施) to stop the fire spreading, or the whole building will be destroyed. (measure)
6. A Dream of the Red Chamber____________(据说已经翻译成) dozens of foreign languages in the latest decade. (translate)
7. Since you have done it, (你说什么也没有用). (whatever, difference)
8. At the thought of (他在英语上已取得了进步)，he will think of the strict and kind teacher.(progress)
9. So (编辑如此生气) that he tore the letter into pieces and threw them into the dustbin. (angry)
10. It was (你迟到) made the teacher very angry. You must come earlier next time!(come)
(1)
1. plays an important role
2. studying many different subjects
3. could have passed a happy childhood
4. where she goes wrong
5.Effective measures must be taken
6. is said to have been translated into
7. whatever you said made no difference
8. the progress (that/which) he has made in English
9. angry was the editor
10. your coming late that
To Love but Not To Pursue
by Marksim,Ma Guangshun Class One, Grade Three
When I first fell in love with singing, I couldn't help pumping out my full breath, exhausting my entire vigor of emotions, pursuing an ideal state that my impressive voice is able to stick in the mind of every one of my audiences. I yearn after such an effect that everyone can be touched by my tone, and that the same tune of sentiment will gush from the bottom of their hearts. This is a state of art which is so far away to reach. But at present, I'm only a obscure singer, not an eminent artist.
When I first fell in love with writing, my enthusiasm for creating enlarged intensely. I went so far as to scribble my every sudden flash of inspiration on a piece of paper. I racked my brains to consider every element----every word and even every punctuation in my article. I fantasized that one day I would become a celebrated writer and on this impulse, I got the dissatisfaction at myself so long as I came across a masterpiece. But masters as they are, a nobody as I am.
Every time I fall in love with something, I pursue the superb degree. But however much passion I possess, I have neither proficient skills nor specific abilities. I embark on it as a green hand. I'm first with it as a nobody. Encountered by such untoward circumstances, I was confused for long. Finally I came up with an idea, an attitude for an enthusiast to be equipped with----to love but not to pursue.
When you love something thoroughly and have developed the ambition to go far, be aware of the obstacles and embarrassment you may have to sustain. They're foes against your amour of confidence and aspiration. They defeat you step by step in a way of corrossion. And where does the crux lie in? It's in the mood of rashness, which is rooted in pursuing blindly. This is a poor quality of mind which invisibly strengthened those foes against an enthusiast, against you and me.
To love but not to pursue. When you try this attitude and keep it your faith, you'll find yourself striving in a thoroughgoing manner. You'll find yourself making surprising progress. You'll one day find yourself having achieved your goal and realized your dream.
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